Before We Jump into what merge is ? It is Essential To know Two important factor of blockchain ? 1) Proof of Work . 2) Proof of stake . Proof of Work Explanation to 5 year old kid .

Suppose You wanna Have a Chocolate and because you are 5 year old kid you don't have money to buy that chocolate and, thus you go to your mom and You Request her l "Mom please May i have that Chocolate ? and she Be like " Nope Chocolate is Not Good For Teeth , it decays your Teeth ". and Thus She Denies it. Then You go another Way Like requesting to Your ,dad, "Dad if I massage your back by walking on your back and Will also help you to Condole Mom when she is angry with you, Could You please Buy me a Chocolate. and he said" YES". and thus You get your chocolate.

Note : The Work you Did Here to get your Chocolate is called "Proof Of Work ".

Proof Of Work Explanation For professionals. As we all Know Bitcoin runs on a decentralized Network. There are Millions of Nodes ,which Validate Your Transactions By Solving Computational Puzzle. As they Solve This Puzzle , which in terms is known as ("Mining"). After Completing this heavy Task They Receive a Reward as "Bitcoin". This Whole Process is called Proof of Work .

Some Key Points of (pow) (pros) High level of security. Provides a decentralized method of verifying transactions. Allows miners to earn crypto rewards.

Proof Of Work (cons) Inefficient with slow transaction speeds and expensive fees. High energy usage Mining often requires expensive equipment.

Now Let's Learn About (Proof Of Stake). POS Explanation For 5 year Old Kid. So suppose there are bunch of kids in a kindergarten, they are maintaining stacks of wooden blocks toys, and they all have duplicates of the same stack, and they want to make sure all the blocks are same kept in the same order. when someone wants to add a new wooden block and everyone doing the work to validate, everyone picks one kid to be the “validator”, and that validator decides if the block is valid or not, and if valid, everyone adds to the top of their wooden stacks.

So how are validator chosen? Every kid who wants to be the validator deposits candy into a commonly shared pool. This is called their stakes. The group chooses the validator at random, but the probability of being is higher for kids who put in more candy as their stake. Suppose Bob puts in 10 candies, Alice only puts in 5 candy, then Bob is more likely to be chosen. (Depends on the implementation, other factors may influence probability, such as how long Bob had those candy vs Charles who also put in 10 candies.)

If Bob is chosen as the validator, he validates the new block successfully, and he will get additional candy as a fee (this usually has to less than the deposit). After sometime, after no bad activity is detected, his stake (or deposit) will be returned to him.

How do we prevent bad kids from inserting bad blocks (or replace a good one), or how do we even trust Bob who is the validator from approving bad blocks? During that window if Bob is discovered by approved bad block, his deposit of 10 candies will be taken away. This Whole Process is Called " Proof Of Stake ".

POS Explanation For Professionals.

As understandable from the name, nodes on a network stake an amount of cryptocurrency to become candidates to validate the new block and earn the fee from it. Then, an algorithm chooses from the pool of candidates the node which will validate the new block. This selection algorithm combines the quantity of stake (amount of cryptocurrency) with other factors (like coin-age based selection, randomization process) to make the selection fair to everyone on the network. This Whole Process is Called "Proof Of Stake".

Now Let's Understand What Merge is? The Transactions of Work From Proof Of Work To Proof Of Stake is Called Merge.

Pros Of Merge : 1)Energy-efficient: As all the nodes are not competing against each other to attach a new block to the blockchain, energy is saved. 2)Security: A person attempting to attack a network will have to own 51% of the stakes(pretty expensive). This leads to a secure network.

Cons Of Merge: 1)Not as proven in terms of security as proof of work. 2)Validators with large holdings can have excessive influence on transaction verification.

Some Examples Of Merge are: Ethereum . Peer coin Nxt .